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Italian Translation: Fun Facts
Buongiorno! For these who’re thinking about studying a second language, cheers to you because its not only yet another language you can use to meet other Italian speaking individuals but also a benefit to how your mind works as well.
With the arrival of Communism in the Soviet Union, with its atheistic outlook, the Church became convinced it was a “Satanic” force bent on destroying Christianity and European civilization. This line of pondering permeated the Church at all levels, and steered it in directions that could effectively counter the Communist menace, irrespective of the moral failings this may possibly have led to.
For Nuncio Eugenio Pacelli, later to come to be Pope Pius XII, this was no different. His very first close experience with Communism was negative and dated to the time when he was papal nuncio in Munich right after the First World War, when Germany had become the Weimar Republic. This was a chaotic time in which revolutionary groups attempted to acquire power in the vacuum left by the abdicating Kaiser. Among them had been socialist groups who had recently gained power installing the Munich Soviet Republic. At the Munich nunciature exactly where Pacelli was stationed, there was a meeting of the diplomatic corps in which it was decided to speak to a man named Levien, head of the Munich Soviet, to make certain an understanding that the Communist government ought to recognize the immunity of diplomatic representatives and the extraterritoriality of their residences.
When Schioppa returned, he gave the nuncio adequate eyewitness info to recreate the circumstances of the meeting. In this letter Pacelli relayed the information he had heard and endorsed, or that he added himself, including occasional personal annotations:
“The scene that presented itself at the palace was indescribable. The confusion totally chaotic, the filth completely nauseating; soldiers and armed workers coming and going; the building, once the residence of a king, resounding with screams, vile language, profanities. Absolute hell. An army of employees have been dashing to and fro, giving out orders, waving bits of paper, and within the midst of all this, a gang of young women, of dubious appearance, Jews like the rest of them, hanging around in all of the offices with lecherous demeanor and suggestive smiles. The boss of this female rabble was Levien’s mistress, a young Russian woman, a Jew along with a divorcee, who was in charge. And it was to her that the nunciature was obliged to pay homage to be able to proceed.
Pale, dirty, with drugged eyes, hoarse voice, vulgar, repulsive, having a face that is both intelligent and sly. He deigned to receive the Monsignor Uditore in the corridor, surrounded by an armed escort, one of whom was an armed hunchback, his faithful bodyguard. With a hat on his head and smoking a cigarette, he listened to what Monsignor Schioppa told him, whining repeatedly that he was in a hurry and had much more necessary things to do.”
This translation, from John Cornwell’s “Hitler’s Pope”, made pretty a stir. First, because Cornwell interpreted it as evidence of Pacelli’s antisemitism, and second, since papal apologists have been quick to dismiss it as not just a supposedly negative translation of the original Italian, but also as proof of Cornwell’s alleged malicious intent. Pacelli’s defenders claim Cornwell was merely portraying Archbishop Pacelli in the worse doable light to explain his lack of decisive action to guard Jews in the course of the Holocaust.
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I assume papal apologists are wrong. Aside from whatever inaccuracies “Hitler’s Pope” could have, this translation of Pacelli’s report of the episode with the men and women from the Munich Soviet will not be one of them. I am italicizing the key passages to create them less difficult to uncover within the analysis that follows:
“Lo spettacolo, che ora presenta detto palazzo, e indescrivibile. La confusione piu caotica, il sudiciume piu nauseante, l’andirivieni continuo di soldati e di operai armati, le grida, le parole sconce, le bestemmie, che ivi risuonano, rendono quella, che fu la residenza prediletta dei re di Baviera, una vera bolgia infernale. Un esercito di impiegati, che vanno, che vengono, che trasmettono ordini, che propagano notizie, e fra essi una schiera di giovani donne, dall’aspetto poco rassicurante, ebree come i primi, che stanno in tutti gli uffici, con arie provocanti e con sorrisi equivoci. A capo di questo gruppo femminile vi e l’amante di Levien, una giovane russa, ebrea, divorziata che comanda da padrona. E a costei la nunziatura ha dovuto purtroppo inchinarsi per avere il biglietto di libero passaggio!
Il Levien e un giovanotto, anch’egli russo ed ebreo, di circa trenta o trentacinque anni. Si e degnato appena di ricevere Monsignor Uditore in un corridoio, circondato da una scorta armata, fra cui un gobbo anch’egli armato, che e la sua guardia fedele.”
In the report in Italian it says, “una schiera di giovani donne“, which Cornwell and other people present as “a gang of young women” and papal apologists believe it must be the a lot more neutral “a group of young women”. But then, “con arie provocanti” means with provocative air or appearance. I do not believe saying ” lecherous demeanor” instead of “provocative appearance” is often a mistranslation. They translate “sorrici equivoci” as “a particular smile”, which is just not bad, but “equivoci” is also “suspicious”. In this context, given what the writer thinks and is saying of these women, the “suspicious” smiles will not be just the vague “certain”, but rather the more proper “suggestive”. Pacelli defenders then accuse Cornwell of mistranslating “gruppo femminile” as “female rabble” as opposed to “female group”, which could be the suitable literal translation. However, as I said earlier, within the context of the rest of the letter I do not consider making use of “rabble” instead of “group” is inappropriate, given that a rabble is really a sort of group that perfectly describes what Pacelli is talking about.
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